About

A herbaceous perennial, that grows between 1–2m tall, with an upright habit and green pinnate leaves that release a strong, unpleasant odor when crushed. In autumn, these are followed by small, glossy black berries, measuring 5–6 mm in diameter. From June to August, it produces flat-topped clusters of pinkish-white flowers, each 10–15 cm in diameter, with a fragrance reminiscent of bitter almonds.

About the genus

Sambucus can be herbaceous perennials, deciduous shrubs or small trees, with pinnate leaves and umbels or panicles of small creamy-white flowers followed by red, white or black berries

Growing conditions

SunlightFull sun, Partial shade
Soil typeChalk, Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil pHAcid, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil moistureMoist but well-drained
AspectSouth-facing, West-facing
ExposureSheltered
UK hardinessH5

Plant details

Plant typeHerbaceous Perennial
HabitClump forming
FoliageDeciduous
Height1-1.5 metres
Spread0.5-1 metres
Time to full height2-5 years
Suggested usesCottage and informal garden, Wildlife gardens
ToxicityHarmful if eaten, fruit/flowers edible if cooked. Wear gloves and other protective equipment when handling Pets (dogs, cats): Harmful if eaten, fruit/flowers edible if cooked - for further information and contact numbers regarding pets, see the HTA guide to potentially harmful plants

Care notes

CultivationEasy to grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soils in full sun or partial shade
PruningFor more information see our page on cutting back herbaceous perennials
PropagationPropagate by division
Pest resistanceMay be susceptible to aphids and glasshouse red spider mite
Disease resistanceMay be susceptible to verticillium wilt and honey fungus