About
Quercus ilex, the holm oak, is a large, evergreen tree developing a massive, rounded crown with black, finely cracked bark. Glossy, dark-green, ovate leaves with whitish undersides contrast with the whitish young foliage and yellow catkins in spring. One of the most architectural and long-lived of all evergreen oaks for a well-drained, sunny garden or coastal setting.
About the genus
Quercus, the oaks, are deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs with characteristic acorn fruits, lobed or toothed leaves and inconspicuous flowers. Among the most important, long-lived and ornamental of all trees.
Growing conditions
SunlightFull sun, Partial shade
Soil typeChalk, Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil pHAcid, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil moistureMoist but well-drained, Well-drained
AspectSouth-facing, North-facing, East-facing, West-facing
ExposureExposed, Sheltered
UK hardinessH4
Plant details
Plant typeTrees
HabitBushy
FoliageEvergreen
HeightHigher than 12 metres
Spreadwider than 8 metres
Time to full height20-50 years
Suggested usesCoastal, Mediterranean climate plants
Native toMediterranean
ToxicityPets (dogs): Harmful if eaten - for further information and contact numbers regarding pets, see the HTA guide to potentially harmful plants
Care notes
CultivationAn easy to grow evergreen tree that responds well to formative pruning and clipping. Can be used as hedging in coastal areas and is suitable for most sites except the coldest inland areas. Leaf fall can occur in summer
PruningPruning group 1
PropagationPropagate by seed sown in a coldframe or seedbed as soon as ripe or by grafting in mid-autumn or late winter
Pest resistanceMay be susceptible to aphids and leaf-mining moths
Disease resistanceMay be susceptible to powdery mildews and honey fungus