About

This slow-growing pine able to reach 15m (50ft) when mature, although usually smaller, with a strongly tapering trunk, often twisted with age bearing grey to reddish-brown strongly fissured bark and a flat, irregularly shaped canopy. The trees are capable of reaching a very great age in habitat and can be among the oldest living things on earth. The evergreen, deep blue-green needles are produced in groups of five and up to 4cm (1½in) long. They are persistent and can live up to 17 years. The purple to brown roughly cylindrical cones take two years to mature and are soon shed after dispersing their seeds.

About the genus

Pinus can be shrubs or large, evergreen trees, some species with attractive bark, developing an irregular outline with age and bearing long needle-like leaves in bundles of 2, 3 or 5; conspicuous cones may fall or remain on the tree for years

Growing conditions

SunlightFull sun
Soil typeLoam, Sand
Soil pHAcid, Neutral
Soil moistureWell-drained
AspectSouth-facing, West-facing
ExposureExposed, Sheltered
UK hardinessH7

Plant details

Plant typeTrees, Conifers
HabitColumnar upright, Spreading branched
FoliageEvergreen
HeightHigher than 12 metres
Spreadwider than 8 metres
Time to full heightMore than 50 years
Suggested usesCity and courtyard gardens, Architectural, Cottage and informal garden, Mediterranean climate plants

Care notes

CultivationGrow in well-drained, preferably neutral to acidic soil in full sun
PruningNo pruning required
PropagationPropagate by seed or by grafting, see: trees and shrubs from seed
Pest resistanceMay be susceptible to adelgids, conifer aphid, sawfly larvae, and pine shoot moth
Disease resistanceMay be susceptible to honey fungus and needle cast diseases