About
Ilex aquifolium, common holly, is a slow-growing, large evergreen tree or shrub with dark, glossy green, strongly spiny leaves. Small, white, fragrant flowers appear in spring, followed by clusters of bright-red berries on female plants in autumn � among the most enduring symbols of winter. The most widely grown native British evergreen, excellent for hedging, screening and topiary.
About the genus
Ilex, the hollies, are evergreen or deciduous shrubs and trees with often spiny, leathery leaves and small, white flowers � male and female usually on separate plants. Female plants produce the familiar red, yellow or black berries in autumn and winter when pollinated by a male nearby.
Growing conditions
SunlightFull sun, Partial shade
Soil typeChalk, Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil pHAcid, Alkaline, Neutral
Soil moistureMoist but well-drained, Well-drained
AspectSouth-facing, East-facing, West-facing
ExposureExposed, Sheltered
UK hardinessH6
Plant details
Plant typeTrees
HabitBushy
FoliageEvergreen
HeightHigher than 12 metres
Spread4-8 metres
Time to full height20-50 years
Suggested usesArchitectural, City and courtyard gardens, Coastal, Cottage and informal garden, Wildlife gardens
Native toEurope, N Africa, SW Asia
ToxicityFruit are ornamental - not to be eaten. Wear gloves and other protective equipment when handling. Pets: Fruit are ornamental - not to be eaten - see the HTA guide to potentially harmful plants for further information and useful contact numbers
Care notes
CultivationGrow in moist but well-drained soil in a sunny position; also suitable for partial shade
PruningPruning group 1; trim hedges in early spring
PropagationPropagate by seed in a coldframe in autumn, or propagate by semi-ripe cuttings in late summer or early autumn or propagate by hardwood cuttings in January with bottom heat
Pest resistanceMay be susceptible to scale insects, holly leaf miner and young shoots may be susceptible to aphids
Disease resistanceMay be susceptible to holly leaf blight, Phytophthora root rot and sometimes honey fungus