This genus comprises approximately 80 species of perennial herbs and subshrubs that either scramble or climb, primarily found across Africa, Europe, and Asia. They feature green leaves and produce small yellow blooms. Historically, the roots of these plants were utilized to create a red dye known as 'madder.'

Rubia

Rubia angustifolia

Rubia argyri

Rubia cordifolia

Rubia fruticosa

Rubia manjith

Rubia olivieri

Rubia peregrina

Rubia sikkimensis

Rubia tinctorum is a perennial plant that maintains its foliage year-round. It features elongated, dark green stems that spread outwards. During July and August, the plant produces small, yellow flowers shaped like stars. These are followed by green berries that mature first to red and then to black. The roots of this plant are known for their ability to produce a red dye, and it continues to be grown in certain regions of Europe for its value in medicinal dye applications.