About

Citrus x limon Bergamot Group (F) is an evergreen shrub or tree believed to be a hybrid of lemon and bitter orange. It typically reaches a height of approximately 2.5 meters and features glossy, dark green leaves that emit a pleasant fragrance. In spring, this plant produces aromatic white flowers, followed by fruit that varies in shape from round to pear-like. The fruit transitions from green to yellow as it matures, with harvesting occurring in winter. Its skin is often rough and ribbed. The rinds contain aromatic bergamot oil, valued for its use in perfumery and as a flavoring in Earl Grey tea. Additionally, both the zest and juice can enhance culinary dishes.

About the genus

Citrus consists mainly of evergreen shrubs and trees, which are often armed with spines. They feature simple, leathery leaves that release a pleasing fragrance, typically borne on winged petioles. The plants produce aromatic flowers that are usually white or have a hint of pink, which are succeeded by sizable, juicy fruits.

Growing conditions

Sunlight

Full sun

Soil type

Loam, Sand, Clay

Soil pH

Acid, Neutral

Soil moisture

Moist but well-drained

Aspect

South-facing, West-facing

Exposure

Sheltered

UK hardiness

H2

Plant details

Plant type

Shrubs, Trees, Fruit Edible

Habit

Bushy

Foliage

Evergreen

Height

2.5-4 metres

Spread

1-1.5 metres

Time to full height

10-20 years

Suggested uses

City and courtyard gardens, Mediterranean climate plants, Patio and container plants

Fragrance

Flower, Foliage

Toxicity

Fruit harmful to skin with sunlight/skin allergen (lemon and lime-bearing Citrus only). Wear gloves and other protective equipment when handling

Care notes

Cultivation

Grow as a conservatory or greenhouse plant, in a container of peat-free, loam-based potting compost with added grit, in full light, with shade from hot sun. In growth during spring and summer, water freely, and mist daily. Apply fertilisers formulated for citrus, throughout the year, following the manufacturer’s instructions; water sparingly in winter. See citrus cultivation for further information

Pruning

Pruning group 1

Propagation

Propagate by grafting or budding

Pest resistance

May be susceptible to scale insects, mealybugs and glasshouse red spider mite

Disease resistance

Generally disease-free